View source for Digital FD-8 pedal

{{WIP}}

In [[Roland FD-8 Issues: Hall Sensor Modification]] we described how a ratiometric hall sensor could replace the resistor film to repair the Roland FD-8 high hat pedals. Even though that Hall Sensor implementation works, an MCU based approach might have some additional advantages:
* complete variable resistance to be compatible with other drum modules
* adjustable sensitivity curve
* more than 3 resistor levels, allowing true detection of foot-down velocity.
* auto-calibration, i.e. no need for pots to set the trigger points.

== Hardware design ==
[[File:Fd8-top.jpg|thumb]]
[[File:Fd8-bottom.jpg|thumb|Single-sided PCB routing is fun!]]
[[File:Fd-8 digital schematic.png|Work-in-progress schematic]]

The microcontroller-based version offers 256 different pedal positions at a BOM cost that is still much lower than $10. The components used are:

* One attiny13 MCU ([{{EbaySearch|attiny13+10pcs}} ebay], [http://www.atmel.com/images/doc2535.pdf datasheet]), an 8-pin AVR with effectively 5 io pins and 10-bit ADC;
* Two MCP41010 digital potentiometers ([{{EbaySearch|mcp41010+pcs}} ebay], [http://ww1.microchip.com/downloads/en/DeviceDoc/11195c.pdf datasheet]) in series to emulate the film resistor in the FD-8. We need a range of approximately 0-20K and while the 10K MCP41010 is readily available on ebay, we had trouble finding a cost-effective 20K or 50K digital pot. Hence the two pots in series;
* One Honeywell SS490 ratiometric hall effect sensor as in the non-MCU version, or alternatively an Allegro A1302 (Just ordered a pair [{{EbaySearch|ratiometric+a1302}} on ebay]). The latter should be comparable to the Honeywell if used in a 5V setup, but this hasn't been tested yet;
* Any old 78L05 that we can get our hands on. 

Pin PB4 is currently not used, but is connected to a header on the print, so that a (momentary) switch could be connected. The idea is that currently the pedal will have to calibrate every time it switches on (determining the range of the pedal), but it would be possible to write the calibrated values to eeprom. The switch can then be used to trigger a reset of the calibrated values. Alternatively, the switch could be used to set set the 'half-closed' point of the pedal. 

Because this is a prototype, there is still a 6-pin header on the PCB to reflash firmware. The PCB is designed in such a way that the header can be removed (sawn off) without re-routing. If at some point a single potmeter version would be feasible (using for instance an MCP41050), the second potmeter can also be removed with minimal re-routing. This would result in a much smaller PCB.

An svg-file of the PCB traces that is ready for toner transfer can be found [{{filepath:Fd-8 PCB.svg}} here].

==Software==
The software for this device is available on [https://github.com/DannyHavenith/FD-8 GitHub].

The basic mode of operation is as follows: 
# Measure the output voltage of the hall sensor using the ADC. 
# Determine a corresponding resistance and program that resistance value in the digital pots.
# Repeat

There are two complexities that the firmware resolves as it performs the above two steps:
* '''Range'''. Depending on the strength of the magnet and its distance from the sensor, the Hall effect sensor will report only a limited range of values that don't span the complete possible range. The firmware will detect the minimum and maximum values and use those to map that range to the full range of ''0&mdash255'' that should be given to the potentiometer;
* '''Polarity'''. Ratiometric Hall effect sensors typically output a voltage range of either ''&frac12;Vcc&mdash;Vcc'' or ''Vss&mdash;&frac12;Vcc'', depending on the orientation of the magnet, where &frac12;Vcc is the value that is output when no magnetic field is measured. The firmware will determine the median value of the range of input values. If that median is above &frac12;Vcc, it will conclude that higher voltages mean that the pedal is moved down (magnet is moved towards the sensor). Otherwise it will conclude that decreasing voltages mean downwards motion.

All of that is contained in one single [https://github.com/DannyHavenith/FD-8/blob/master/fd8.cpp source file].